![]() A dose up to 1.5 ml/kg body weight is well tolerated.įor suspected ureteric obstruction the following radiographs will suffice:Ĭontrol AP radiograph of the kidneys, ureters and bladder to show calculi which can be obscured by contrast mediumģ minute post injection AP radiograph of the kidneys to show contrast medium beginning to appear in the pelvicalyceal systems. 18 or 19G gauge IV access is required for bolus injection of a water-soluble iodinated contrast agent nonionic contrast medium has a better safety profile. Synchronous or metachronous upper tract tumor: detailed evaluation of pelvicalyceal and ureteral morphology in patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)Īnatomical variants such as horseshoe kidneyįasting for 5 hours prior to the examination is preferred laxatives to reduce fecal loading do not improve image quality 4Ĭheck for allergies and contrast medium reactions and obtain written informed consent according to hospital guidelinesĮmergency medications and equipment must be available to treat clinically significant contrast medium reactionsĮxposures in the 65-75 kV range optimize radiographic contrast, mA of 600-1000 and exposure time < 0.1 second. Ureteric obstruction: severity, site and cause e.g. However if a CT IVU demonstrates delayed excretion due to obstruction, a delayed radiograph following CT IVU can identify the site of obstruction. IVU is rarely performed if CT is available. ![]() Some reserve the term "pyelography" to refer to retrograde opacification of the collecting system. Intravenous pyelography (IVP) or excretory urography (EU) are commonly used as alternative but less accurate terms. kidneys, pelvicalyceal systems, ureters and bladder. ![]() The term "urography" refers to evaluation of the entire urinary tract, ie.
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